Scott Blatchley

In 1994, I was looking for a marketing specialist for a two-week project. The agency sent me a few CVs and I selected one that I thought was a suitable candidate. His name was Scott Blatchley. We agreed a date for the interview. On the day, this chap appeared, tall with pony-tail hair, a gold tooth,  piercing eyes and American! Soon my reservations were dispelled. Scott certainly knew his marketing stuff. The 2 week assignment turned into a 4-year full time appointment with a directorship. Scott was instrumental in helping my company (IT Architechture) grow in turnover and profits. Once his job was done at IT Architechture, he moved on to larger organisations and assisted a couple of companies in going public on the London stock market.

However, it was not Scott’s professional abilities that made him one of my closest friends. Scott was an avid reader, a great conversationalist, a good public speaker and always up for a challenge. He set up what he called ‘Meetings for Men’, where a dozen or so of us (mainly business associates) would meet once a month for a drink and get into deep discussions about some world problem!

Unfortunately, Scott was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2000. This was a start of a long battle that I believe no one would have survived for so long. In the intervening 15 years, the cancer spread to his ulna bone and his brain (7 tumours in total). His doctors simply could not believe how he seemed to keep going despite all those operations and the intensive chemo therapy. We, however, remained in close contact throughout, not only through those delightful Meetings for Men, but also on a family level as our two families were pretty close. My kids in particular took a liking to Scott, he was marvellous at empathising with young ones. They particularly liked him when he played guitar for them. Scott was in another incarnation of his, the lead singer and guitarist for the 80’s band Congress.

All throughout his illness, Scott kept his consultancy business going and at times at such an intense level that was a real surprise (and worry) to his friends and clients. He also maintained an incredibly positive attitude to life, never once complaining about his condition. Indeed I always enjoyed meeting him for the pleasure of his company and the positive vibes that he gave. Scott was never short of marketing work and he never stopped coming up with new strategic ideas for his clients. To further keep himself fully occupied, he took on additional activities such writing children’s books.

But perhaps what sustained him most during that difficult time was his family and his unshakeable faith. He religiously went to the Christian Fellowship church in Richmond where he also acted as a lay preacher.

Scott Blatchley passed away just before Christmas 2015. Not a day goes by when his intelligence, humour and good nature isn’t missed. Scott opened peoples’ eyes to spirituality, different philosophies and the importance of having faith. In his memory, my daughter Lena and her fellow medical students in Italy (Rome Sapienza University) did a charity run which also helped raise money for the Princess Alice Hospice, who took such good care of him in his final days.

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How to Legally Shelter Your Income from the Taxman

The tax regime, while never going to please everybody all of the time, is a relatively fair system and contains a myriad of options that everyone can potentially use to reduce their tax bill. Here is a quick summary of the available options:

ISAs
ISAs, the acronym stands for Individual Savings Account, were first introduced in 1999 as a tax-sheltered financial product designed to encourage savers. While interest on cash savings or income and profits made on stock market investments are normally taxed as income or capital gains tax, that is not the case when held within an ISA wrapper. Any interest earned on money held in a cash ISA or income and profits from shares or funds held in an investment ISA are untouched by the taxman. There is, however, a limit and the value of cash or investments that can be placed in a tax-sheltered ISA each year is capped at £20,000, which can be split between cash or investments.

There are a number of different ISAs: Cash ISAs can be used to hold cash only. They operate in the same way as a savings account but with the added benefit that interest earned on the balance is tax free. Investment ISAs can be used to hold company shares and funds and many investment ISA products can hold both investment and cash holdings in the same account. Any income from dividends or profits from share and fund trading are tax free. Lifetime ISAs, or LISAs, are another relatively new form of ISA and are available to those between the ages of 18 and 39 only. However, once opened, savers can keep taking advantage of LISA rules up until the age of 50. LISAs are something like a combination between an ISA and a pension and offer a 25% Government top-up on up to £4000 a year. The £4000 does count towards the general £20,000 ISA allowance and is not an addition to it, making this not only great for sheltering returns from tax but also recovering standard rate income tax paid, plus an additional 5%. Junior ISAs allow parents and legal guardians to take advantage of an additional £4128 ISA allowance if they would like/are able to save and invest on behalf of their children.

Private and Workplace Pensions
There are some very attractive tax breaks for anyone contributing towards a private or workplace pension. Essentially, up to a maximum of £40,000 a year, income tax paid on earnings is clawed back on all contributions paid into a pension wrapper. Additionally, as in the case of ISAs, interest payments on cash holdings or returns from investments are also sheltered from tax.

This all makes payments into a pension particularly attractive from a tax efficiency standpoint, with the advantage especially pronounced for those in a higher tax bracket.
Workplace pensions are now obligatory with all employees and employers making minimum contributions through auto-enrolment. The employee contributes 1% over the current tax year, rising to 5% by 2019. Employers’ contributions are currently 1% rising to 3% in 2019. For those happy with their workplace pension provider and choices, it makes sense to contribute more to it than the minimum auto-enrolment requirements. Up to the £40,000 allowance, additional contributions still benefit from the Government tax-back top-up.

Private Pensions of the stakeholder pension variety work in pretty much exactly the same way as a workplace pension. The pension holder will choose from a choice of funds with different return targets and risk categories that their contributions will be invested in. Private stakeholder pensions are a good option for those who are not wholly satisfied with the range of choices on offer from their workplace pension or would like to diversify. There is no reason why someone cannot hold both a workplace pension and a private pension and pay into both.

SIPPs, or Self Invested Pension Plans, are the other main category of private pension. This pension product for more experienced DIY investors takes advantage of all the same tax breaks as other pension products but can hold a wider range of asset classes. SIPPs can be connected to a stockbroking account and can hold individual company shares as well as funds and a list of approved alternative asset classes such as commercial property. The variety of approved asset classes that can be held within a SIPP varies between products and providers.

As well as the employer’s contribution, the government also tops up the employee contribution by an additional 20%, effectively returning standard rate income tax. Most pension products will apply for this top-up on behalf of the holder.

EIS/SEIS Investments

A further investment vehicle that offers attractive tax-offsetting features for high net worth individuals and sophisticated investors is the EIS (Enterprise Investment Scheme) and SEIS (Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme) schemes. These schemes were initiated to encourage private investment in promising young business ventures, or startups, and are very generous indeed, reflecting the high-risk nature of this type of investment. When investing through EIS, investors can claim income tax relief of 30% on investments in qualified young companies of up to an annual value of £1 million and no minimum level. In the case of SEIS, which companies in their very initial stages qualify for, income tax relief of 50% can be claimed on the investment.

Charitable Contributions
And finally, anyone in the higher or additional income tax rates making altruistic charitable donations to charities or community amateur sports clubs can also offset these against income tax. When the donation is made a Gift Aid form should be filled in. The first and primary advantage to Gift Aid is that the charity itself will receive an additional £0.25 from the Government for every £1 donated. The second advantage is that anyone paying a 40% or 45% income tax rate can also reclaim the difference, as long as donations made do not total more than 4 times the total amount of tax paid that tax year.

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Free financial protection against property fraud

It’s highly likely that your property is the most valuable asset you own, so it’s important to protect it from the growing risk of fraud. By pretending to be you, fraudsters can try to sell or mortgage your property, leaving you to deal with the fallout, which can be considerable.

You are at increased risk of fraud if your property:
• Is rented out
• Is empty
• Is mortgage-free
• Is not registered with HM Land Registry

HM Land Registry’s Property Alert service allows you to monitor up to 10 registered properties in England and Wales. You don’t have to own the property, so you can monitor the property of an elderly relative, for example. Sign up to the free service and HM Land Registry will notify you of certain applications affecting the property you are monitoring, such as for a new mortgage or change of ownership. Alerts are normally sent by email but you can still use the service if you are not online. If you have registered your property, you will be compensated if you are a victim of fraud and suffer financial loss.

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1982

By now, Margaret Thatcher has been Prime Minister for 3 years. The UK was in deep recession caused by the government’s policies of spending cuts and pursuance of monetarism to reduce inflation. Furthermore, in order to curtail Union Power, the government saw that not only there was a need to reform labour laws, but also made a concerted effort to move from a manufacturing economy to a services economy. As a result unemployment rose from 5.3% in 1979 and peaked at 11.9% in 1984 (over 3 million people out of work). The government determination to break union power culminated in the confrontations with and the breaking of the miners’ strike in 1984.  The North-South divide has now sharpened, as the North suffered mass unemployment and many people moved south seeking better opportunities. That included me as I moved from Manchester to London becoming a systems analyst in the burgeoning IT industry.

1982 is however remembered for the Falklands war as a result of Argentina invading the Falklands Islands. As ever, young men lives were lost. In the fighting that followed, 655 Argentine and 255 British servicemen lost their lives. Political leaders play for high stakes  in war games. The losers – the Argentine junta -were immediately removed from power, while Margaret Thatcher basked in the glory of victory. For me there was one honourable politician and that was Lord Carrington. He was Foreign Secretary when the Falkland Islands were invaded. He took full responsibility for the complacency and failures in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office to foresee this development and resigned. Ministerial resignations in such circumstances are rare.

In the Middle East, after a relative lull in mid 1970s, things were looking ominous. The western media suddenly turned against the west old ally, the Shah of Iran. This in my experience is a cue for a regime change. This same western media behaviour, we will later witness with regards to removing Saddam Hussain and Muammar Gaddafi from power. The Shah fled Iran and Ayatollah Khomeini assumed power in Feb 1979. With Saddam becoming Iraq’s president in July 1979, it was inevitable that these two characters will clash taking both nations down with them. The Iraq-Iran war started in Sep 1980. It was to go on for 8 years with a massive loss of life and enormous economic damage. Neither country kept, nor is willing to publish authenticated causality figures. It is however estimated that 300,000 Iraqis and 600,000 Iranians were killed. The economic damage is thought to be well in excess of $500 billion on either side. There was no doubt no willingness on the part of Western or Middle Eastern countries to mediate to put an end to this senseless war. But I guess they were happy to see these two countries, with great human and economic potential slowly destroy each other.

Was there at the end of the war any advantage? None whatsoever, both parties went back to the old borders. The futility of war!

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Peter Fletcher

When we moved to our present home in 2004, we got to know our new neighbours, one of whom was Peter Fletcher. A gentleman approaching his 80th birthday, living on his own, having lost his wife to whom he was married for over 50 years, some seven years earlier. They unfortunately were childless. But despite that, Peter was a most contented, happy and positive man that you could ever know. Soon we became not only good neighbours but also good friends. I have greatly enjoyed the many hours listening to Peter reminiscing about his life, his service in the RAF, the Police force and the courts. In his service in the RAF he was posted to many places in the Far East and the Middle East. I have noted that all throughout, Peter had enormous respect for people and other cultures. In the late 1940s, he was posted to the air base at Habanyiah, a short distance from my home town Baghdad in Iraq. While he was in there, he visited those great Biblical cities of Babylon, Ur of the Chaldies and Nineveh where he took some wonderful pictures, which he presented to me. Valuable pictures as they depict Iraq of a very different era.

Peter was an accomplished mechanic and great at DIY. He willingly and freely gave his time and skills to others. He helped me put more that the odd shelf, paint a door or erect a shed. But two jobs really stand out. The first was when our house was broken into late 2008. The thieves apparently got onto our back garden by jumping over the low barrier between us and our immediate neighbours. Peter insisted and proceeded to put a proper solid fence in some really cold weather, so as to deter would-be thieves and to ensure the safety of the family. The other job that stands out is the sundial. This was a project that my daughter Lena was required to do for her GCSE astronomy. She turned to me for help, I turned to Peter, who working from paper design, came up with an amazing piece of art entirely from scarp material in his garage. Of course, we still treasure that sundial.

Peter’s willingness to help knew no bound. One wonderful gesture was when he once helped to fully restore to pristine condition, working daily over a six-month period, a 1960s Triumph Herald car that belonged to a friend of his. The restoration was so perfect that not only it immensely cheered his friend to no end, but the friend was actually stopped more than once by people asking if they could hire the beautiful red and white car for such events as weddings.

Peter and I shared our love for classical music. This started a Friday evening tradition when Peter would come to our house and we would listen to beautiful classical music which reminded Peter of his youth. I was amazed at his sharp memory and learnt a great deal about classical music from him.

Peter was a generous man, whenever he came to our house, he would never come empty handed. He would always bring some chocolates for the kids and sometimes other items like a book, greeting cards, the odd toy or a torch or whatever. From his garden he would provide me with properly chopped logs to burn in my chiminea, or he would bring beautiful juicy tomatoes, rhubarb etc. And he would also always get us stuff from a farm near to where his wife was buried whenever he visited her.

Peter was easy going and would strike a chat with anybody. It was a real pleasure seeing him singing melodies from his childhood to my youngest two. As for me, whenever the pressures of modern life got on top of me, I would call on Peter, where his calmness, his clear thinking, his sure advice that is drawn from his long experience, would soon perk me up and lift my spirit. Peter Fletcher was the complete gentleman and the epitome of a positive mind.

Peter passed away in 2012, aged 86.

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What in a meal

In 1978, I was doing a Ph.D. in Electrical Metrology at the department of Electrical and Engineering and Electronics at UMIST (Manchester University) situated in the centre of the city. My supervisor was Dr John Rawcliffe. At the time his wife was receiving treatment at a hospital to the south of the city, close to where I lived. He on the other hand lived on the north side of the city. So to save him having to prepare a meal late at night after such a long journey -and by the way men were not then good around the kitchen-, I suggested that he could join me for the evening meal after visiting his wife. But he said ‘Oh, Amir you won’t be able to. You see I am vegetarian’. Now being vegetarian then was quite a rarity.

I was no great cook myself, but still managed to put together a few small Middle-Eastern dishes such as hummus, tabbouleh, baba ganoush, etc. John was most appreciative and took some notes for his wife to add to a vegetation cookery book that she working on. Then there were so few such books.

Vegetarianism has been gaining popularity over the years. Nowadays it estimated that 12% of UK adults are following some vegetarian diet. Among the 16-24 year-olds, it is much higher at around 20%.

In our household, it is a mixed but a representative picture:
1. The boys (myself and Zane) are meat-eaters.
2. My wife (Dawn) is now a flexitarian (cutting down on meat).
3. The girls: Faye is almost vegetarian, Rema (who is  temporarily staying with us while  on contract work nearby) is a vegetarian, while Lena (staying with us for the summer holiday before going back to Rome University in September) is vegan (no meat and no animal produts).

Now you can imagine the fun that Dawn has in preparing dinner, it could go along one of the following lines:
1. She cooks multiple dishes to cater for everyone’s different dietary requirements.
2. She cooks vegan/vegetation dishes while the boys perhaps do a barbecue.
3. She cooks a meet dish, the girls cook separately a vegetarian or a vegan dish.
The permutations could go on.

It is interesting to note that while young people are becoming more vegan/vegetarian, they also becoming more caring about the environment in general.  This is reflected in their political affiliations with more voting for the more environmentally-caring political parties such as the Greens and the Lib-Dems. In their manifesto, the Green party “supports a progressive transition from diets dominated by meat and other animal products to healthier diets based on plant foods”. The Lib Dems also care about sustainability and say they want to improve welfare conditions for animals kept on farms. However, the two major parties (Conservative & Labour) do not seem to have clear policies on vegetarianism.

 

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Summer of 1972

In the summer of 1972, we have just finished our ‘A’ level exams. Having worked hard, we – that is myself and my good friends Walid & Saad -thought that we would reward ourselves with a 3-week holiday to Europe. To keep our costs down we decided to go driving in my old Austin 1100 and rather than staying in expensive hotels, we would be camping, for which we borrowed an old tent from friends of ours.

When we arrived at Dover at passport control prior to boarding the ferry to France, we handed in our passports to an officer, only for another officer to come out of that office and stare intently at us and the car. Oh dear, problems already?! Then he just mockingly said ‘you guys travelling to Europe in this CAR?’ Phew that was a relief. To which I replied  ‘we will be seeing you here in 3 weeks in this very car’  and everybody burst out laughing.

We spent a week camping around Paris, enjoying this magnificent city with its great monuments, steeped history, and high culture. Just simply wonderful. Then we decided to move to our next country – West Germany (Germany was still divided then). We drove on a Saturday morning, after some 400 km and 6 hour drive, we arrived at the German border. In those days you could get visas at the border crossing points. Anyway, this was what we were hoping for. The German officers were quite friendly and things were looking hopeful. Then an American officer came. He seemed to be in real command. He took our passports and had them stamped. When we asked what the stamp was about, which was in German, a  language none of us three spoke, he charmingly said that as they were not authorised to issue visas at the border, it was best to go back to Nancy (in France) and approach the German consulate there, the stamp will help.

So we drove back 100 km to Nancy, we headed to a nearby campsite. By that time it was already pretty late. We hit the bed (or the sleeping bag) as we were very tired. However, our sleep was soon interrupted as the rain came and it came hard. Water was seeping through the old tent and we had no choice but to abandon the tent and try and get some sleep in the car. Sunday came, of course everything was shut, so we had to survive on whatever left of our provisions. We were also low on fuel so we were stuck in this small nondescript town. We were waiting for Monday in anticipation.

When Monday came, we noticed that it was no different from Sunday. Everything was also shut. Oh dear, it turned out it was a bank holiday. At this point a deep sense of depression hit us. To make matters worse, we had no food left and the one or two shops that were open would not take our English Travellers Cheques (you need a bank then to change currency – this was the time when bank cards & ATMs were in their infancy). Now when Saad got hungry, he simply would lose it and pile more misery upon an already miserable situation. However, the day was saved when I remembered that a friend of mine in England gave me the equivalent of a couple of pounds in Belgian Francs (remember all this was before the EU and the Euro). A shop accepted the money in exchange for bread and cheese. What a relief.

Tuesday came, it was a sunny day, banks were open, and so we changed our pounds into French Francs. We headed cheerfully to the German consulate, who promptly refused to grant us visas, so much for the helpful stamps! Feeling disconsolate and looking for other options, we were then directed to the Luxembourg consulate. This turned out to be an old dental practice and the consul was none other than the old dentist himself, who without hesitation left his patients, went into the office and dusted his old files to find a visa stamp that he proudly applied to our passports for a mere £1 each. We left him feeling very happy and we proceeded to discover Holland (Netherlands), Belgium and Luxembourg (the three countries were known as the Benelux countries and shared the same visa).

By the end of our enjoyable and adventurous European tour, we headed back to good old England, unfortunately we failed to see that same officer at Dover, as we wanted to upset him with our triumphal return in the good old Morris 1100.

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Commute, Fate, & Regeneration

John Cunningham was the IT Manager at a client of mine in London’s West End. One day we were having a chat:
Amir: Where in London do you live?
John: I do not live in London, I live in Newcastle.
Amir: Which Newcastle?
John: Newcastle upon Type.
Amir: Wow, this is a heck of a long way. This is a distance of 300 miles. I take it you do not drive.
John: No, I take the train. It is quicker, more convenient and safer.
Amir: I presume you do this trip once a week, staying in London for the working days and back to the family in the weekend.
John: No, no, I do the trip every day.
Amir: Oh my. That is a hell of a long journey to do twice a day.
John: It is not really that bad. It is a fast InterCity service which I take every morning at 04:45. It takes about 3 hours and I can be in the office quite early, while on the train I can do some work.
Amir: Just amazing!

Now on Wednesday, February 28 2001, John decided that he would work from home that day. The 04:45 train that he would normally take was involved in a crash; caused by a car that somehow ended up on the line. A freight train was also involved. The net result was 10 fatalities and 81 injured. (Great Heck rail crash).

John was obviously shaken by this and saw it as a divine message. He decided to change job to a local one (much less pay) and save himself the train journey.

John might have been an extreme case of long distance daily commute into London. But this phenomena if anything, has increased over the past few years, because of London’s economic dominance and the dearth of quality jobs in the provinces, exacerbated further by London’s ever increasing property prices. Indeed back in 2010, 2.8 million people made daily commutes of two hours or more – but this has increased to 3.7 million today, according to the Office for National Statistics. All the more surprising when you consider that due to recent hikes in rail fares, commuting to not-so-far-away towns such as Oxford and Colchester costs more than £5,000 per annum.

Surely this is not a healthy situation with people having to fork out so much money, spend so much time commuting and putting ever more pressure on an already over-stretched rail services into London.

In my opinion this can only be remedied by injecting serious money into regenerating the provinces. It is plainly obvious that most large-scale infrastructure projects have so far been London’s lot. Witness Crossrail (£15bn), Heathrow Expansion (£15bn) & HS2 (£45bn).

I just wonder, whatever happened to George Osborne’s ‘Northern Powerhouse’?

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Manchester United

When I was a young lad, I remember my older brother telling me about this English football team, which was involved in an air crash, resulting in the death of many people including players. He went on to tell me that nonetheless the club managed to pull back, not only competing again at the highest level but also going on to win more trophies. I thought wow that was my kind of team and my heroes.

When I arrived in 1972 to study at UMIST in Manchester, a city where football runs deep through its veins, I soon realised that Manchester United was the team that my brother was alluding to. Needless to say I became a supporter of my childhood heroes. An ardent fan, following their news and regularly going to matches at Old Trafford.

Football then was different from now. It was very much about the fans. The players were almost entirely home-grown, there were no foreign players. The grounds were pretty basic with little entertainment, catering facilities were simple and please do not ask about the toilets! Tickets however, were really cheap: 40p standing, 55p seated.  The atmosphere inside was electric; the crowds were very passionate, perhaps assisted by some excessive drinking (you could then take your drinks inside). Indeed at times you felt that troubles were not that far.

Today the game in many ways has much improved. Violence is a lot less frequent, grounds and facilities are a great deal more civilised. But football now is big business; it is more about corporate hospitality. The fans themselves are secondary,  a useful income stream having to fork out in excess of £50 to see a match. In the meantime, players’ wages have rocketed spectacularly. In 1971, Kevin Keegan was paid £50 per week when he joined Liverpool. Now Paul Pogba earns a staggering £290,000 per week at Manchester United. But wait for it, Neymar has just been sold by Barcelona to Paris St-Germain for a world record transfer fee of £200m and apparently his wage will be £515,000 per week. For me this is not just ridiculous, it is frankly obscene.

Football I am afraid like so many aspects of modern life, has lost its true spirit and money has taken over. I am switching off football.

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1979

I completed my B.Sc. degree in 1975, it was customary then for Iraqi scholarship students to carry on with their studies supported by the Iraqi government. So I and  other fellow scholarship students moved on to doing our M.Sc. degrees. Initially the signs were positive in terms of extending the scholarship, then half-way through, we were told otherwise and that we were to go back to Iraq. Some did, some like me decided to carry on to finish the M.Sc. degree self-supported. For me that entailed taking on such jobs as night loading bread onto early morning delivery trucks, working at petrol stations, selling insurance, selling kitchenware and working in a rubber reprocessing plant – a most awful place- in the then sprawling Trafford Park industrial complex in Manchester. Luckily when I completed my M.Sc. degree I was offered a job as electronics design engineer at Ferranti, one of the great engineering firms in the UK at that time.

The UK in the severities was going through great turmoil with enormous economic challenges. In 1973/74, Edward Heath Conservative government took on the miners union, who demanded higher wage increases above what the government limit was. The union took industrial action. This limited supplies to power stations, forced the government to put the nation on a 3-day working week. I actually thought it was fun studying by candle light and driving through extraordinary dark towns!

The UK then had two general elections in 1974 ending with a Labour government led first by Harold Wilson and then by James Callaghan. But the economy was still teetering and the government was forced in 1976 to ask for $3.9bn bailout from the IMF. A huge sum of money, still the biggest loan provided by the IMF. But that was to no avail, inflation was rampant and strikes were widespread. The winter of 1979 was the coldest for 16 years, but it is remembered for the endless strikes that we had. Public sector employee strike actions included an unofficial strike by gravediggers, and strikes by refuse collectors and even NHS ancillary workers formed picket lines to blockade hospitals. It was our winter of discontent.

In Iraq, however, the seventies were boom years, thanks mainly to increasing revenue from oil. The 1973 oil crisis began soon after the October 1973 Arab/Israeli war, when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries proclaimed an oil embargo. The embargo occurred in response to United States’ support for Israel during the October 1973 war. The embargo caused severe shortages which in turn sent the oil price rocketing.  The price of oil had risen from US$3 per barrel to, nearly $12. Then another shock took place in 1979, the price of crude oil shot to $40.00 per barrel due to shortages in the wake of the Iranian Revolution.  Iraq’s GDP grew almost 14 times bigger between 1970 & 1980 to $48bn. Iraq’s currency, the dinar (ID) was worth over two pounds sterling, (Contrast this to today’s price of over 1500 IDs to one pound).

The moderate policies of the then president of Iraq, Ahmad Hassan Al-Bakr, and the relatively low levels of state corruption, have ensured that the increased state revenues were put to good use, in particular in health and education. The middle class was growing and prospering and the country outlook was looking promising.

Naturally, I came under pressure, from my family and friends, to go back home to Iraq to escape the UK’s economic woos and to benefit from Iraq’s economic boom. On top of that the penalty of not going back was to reimburse the Iraqi government the scholarship money. That came to £12,000, (about £40,000 in today’s money), a considerable sum when you consider that my annual salary was £4000.00 a year. I somehow stood my ground and remained in the UK. I guess I felt that after 9 years and I was more in tune with life in the UK. I also felt all was not well in Iraq and that the apparent calm was  superficial.

The wind of change was coming. 1979 was a momentous year. Saddam Hussain became president of Iraq and power of the Baath party was cemented further as the sole ruling party. Meanwhile, in the UK , the Conservative party was back in power and Margaret Thatcher was elected Prime Minister. The rest as they say is history

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